J.EXPERIMENTAL  &  CLINICAL  MEDICINE

2010, № 2

1. G.Gvasalia1, E.Kutter3, Z.Alavidze2, T.Danelia1

Phage therapy of surgical infections

(Thirty years’ experience and issues to be solved)

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.9-14

1Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia; 2Evergreen State College, Lab №1, Olympia, WA USA;

 3Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia,

Study represents the analysis of thirty years’ experience in phage therapy of surgical infections, which proves that phage therapy does not represent the alternative for antibiotic therapy, but on the contrary has summative or synergistic effect. Unlike antibiotics, the acquired resistance of bacteria to phages is rare and the primary resistance is usually to commercial preparations. This kind of resistance is surmountable by using selected or adapted bacteriophages against isolated bacterial strains. Antibiotic resistance is not related to the resistance to bacteriophages. Possibility of using bacteriophages locally is advantageous due to their reproductive ability in the wound and stability to enzymatic inactivation and dilution. Therefore, local bacteriophage therapy can cause the inhibition of infection in ischemic-neuropathic, granulation, sclerotic tissues and extensive wounds, where systemic antibiotics cannot achieve therapeutic concentration. Phage therapy and prophylactics of soft tissue gunshot wounds on battlefield (Abkhazeti 1992-1993) prolongs the “golden” period for wound care, decreases the chances for tissue infection by 14-4% and treatment of purulent wounds by 6-8 days. Bacteriophages were successfully used for environmental and personnel sanitation in surgical and critical care wards due to its high efficacy and low price. The reason why bacteriophages are not still used as a potent antibacterial means is subjective as well as there is lack of information in clinical bacteriophage therapy.

Further research in this field should be planned according to the evidence based medicine standards, to answer the questions about phage dynamics and phage kinetics during therapy of surgical infections, as well as the mathematic modeling of correlative relationship between quantitative bacteriology and bacteriophages.

2. Archvadze B., Chanukvadze I., BalakishiYev A., MGELIASHVILI T.

Original Technique foR left-side Hemicolectomy

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.14-17

Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

An original technique for left-side hemicolectomy is proposed in this article. The originality of the technique lies in the fact that the anastomosis between the afferent or oral portion of the bowel and the efferent limb provides, through the retained mucosa, protection of all layers of the anastomosis from faecal masses for 6-7 days after the surgery. During this period, the tract is emptied via a drained colostomy. Necrosis of the retained mucosa within the anastomosis and functioning of the anastomosis occur on the 5-7th days after the surgery. We performed left hemicolectomy on 75 patients using the above-described technique. There were no cases of suture failure of the anastomosis in the post-operative period.

3. Asadova N.

placenta OF pregnant womEn with uterine fibromyoma

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.17-20

Maternity Hospital №7, Baku, Azerbaijan

The purpose of the present research is to study features of the placenta in women with uterine fibromyoma during the third period of their pregnancy. There were 153 women under investigation: 46 of them without uterine fibromyoma – group 1 (control), group 2 – 57 women with fibromyomectomy performed before the present pregnancy, group 3 - 50 pregnant women with uterine fibromyoma.

It was established that the absolute majority (95.6%) of the control group women had the placentary structure without any changes. The majority of the pregnant women (89.4 %) with myomectomy in the medical history also had the placentary structure unchanged, and only 80% of the women with uterine fibromyoma had the placentary structure without changes (p<0.05).

4. L. Gabunia, I. KHabeishvili, N. Kvernadze, S. ChKHaidze, G. Kapanadze

Comparetive influence of β-blockers on the liver at acute toxic hepatitis induced by acetaminophen

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.20-24

Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

Effects of non-selective β-blocker Propranolol, selective β-blocker Bisoprolol and Non-selective β-blocker with additional vasodilatatory properties - Carvedilol on functional parameters and morphology of the liver at paracetamol-induced acute toxic hepatitis has been studied.

Results of experiments have shown that hapatotoxicity is not characteristic side effect for all types of β-blockers. Propranolol worsens, Bisoprolol has no effect and Carvedilol slightly but still improves functional parameters of the liver in case of acute toxic hepatitis. Positive treatment effect of Carvedilol on hepatocytes could be explained by its antioxidant or Ca- antagonist properties. Investigation of functional parameters of the liver before treatment cource with Propranolol has been strongly recomended aspecially in patients suffering with liver insufficiency.

5. DALAKISHVILI S., BAKURADZE N., GHUGHUNISHVILI M., JOJUA R., ARESHIDZE E.

AGE-RELATED STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF SOME DISEASES OF THE ELDERLY IN GEORGIA

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.24-29

Al. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi,  Georgia

Georgia belongs to the demographically aged countries and is one of the first among the developing countries. It reflects on the age structure and dynamics of diseases. This conclusion is based on the archive data of The Republic Hospital of Tbilisi, The Ministry of Economic development of Georgia and The Department of statistics of the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia. It’s important that the number of old patients with several chronic diseases has increased in hospitals and ambulatories. Especially frequent among them are cardiovascular and respiratory patients.

For the perfection of health maintenance and treatment of elderly population the social, palliative care and geriatric service system improvement is needed.

6. N. Janashia

CHANGES  IN LIVER DURING  ALLOXAN  DIABETES

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.29-32

Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia

This study has been conducted to detect the histological changes that could be inducted in liver of rats (Wistar). Animals were killed one month after injection. The results showed several morphological alterations in liver tissues (granular and vacuole dystrophy), changes in microcircular channel, inflammatory the injury of liver histology over a short time in alloxan diabetic rat.

7. MAMAMTAVRISHVILI N.,  SILAGAVA N., DZAMUKASHVILI M.,  GELASHVILI N., ZARNADZE N.

CYTOKINES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM DISEASES

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.32-35

Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Tsinamdzgvrishvili Cardiology Institute, Georgia

The role of cytokines in the development of cardiovascular organic pathologies is shown in the reviewed article. One of the main factors which affect the progress of ischemic heart diseases along with hemodynamic abolition is the activation of inflammatory reactions with participation of preinflammatory cytokines.

Changes in the levels of cytokines are associated with the disease progression, as well as with its outcome. There is also shown the need for new preparations along with the presence of “traditional preparations”.

8. Tukvadze Sh.

A Study OF factual nutrition OF children’s hoME RESIDENTS

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.35-39

Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of Tbilisi State

Medical University, Georgia

We studied factual nutrition of the children living in a children’s home. Proper nutrition in childhood can reinforce lifelong eating habits that contribute to children’s overall well being and help them to grow up to their full potential and a healthy life. Good nutrition means the body is getting all the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals it needs to work at its best level. Energy (calories) should be adequate to support growth and development and to reach or maintain desirable body weight. Nutritional requirements rise as children begin puberty in order to support sexual development. A diet that provided sufficient calories and nutrients during childhood may no longer be sufficient for a child beginning puberty. The dietary guidelines for Americans state: “Different foods contain different nutrients and other healthful substances. No single food can supply all the nutrients in the amount you need”. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of children’s diet revealed some irrelevances: imbalance between carbohydrate, lipid and protein composition and imbalance in micronutrients (iodine, iron, zinc). Such an imbalance of micronutrients in the diet can eventually lead to iodine, iron and/or zinc deficiency.

9. Safarov A.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REMOVABLE DENTURES FABRICATED FROM THERMOPLAST

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.39-42

Department of Orthopedic Stomatology, AzSMU, Baku

The achievements of orthopedic dentistry in the fabrication and use of thermoplastic removable denture constructions provide patients with the prosthesis that is more biocompatible, stronger toward attrition and lighter in weight.

Acrylic resin used clinically for a long time results in serious pathologic changes. Therefore, patients have more difficulties in adapting to those orthopedic constructions.

The performed clinical investigations show an organism’s high ability to adapt to flowable thermoplast.

10. Khunashvili N.

HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE TBILISI UNDERGROUND

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.42-48

Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of Tbilisi

State Medical University, Georgia

Among the adverse occupational factors in the industrial environment of the Tbilisi underground the leading one is air pollution by industrial aerosols of dust and toxic substances. The concentration of dust and toxic substances in most cases exceeds (1.3-3.4 and 1.2-5.2 times accordingly) the corresponding MPF (job hazard class 3.1-3.2). An admissible concentration (hazard class 2) of dust and toxic substances is observed rather seldom. Higher hazardous classes (3.3-3.4) have not been revealed. The adverse condition of air of the industrial environment at the studied object is determined by the character of industrial operations carried out and the kind of processed material, also by the structure of exhaust ventilation and its efficiency. The established adverse conditions in the working environment represent a potential danger of the occurrence of certain shifts in workers’ state of health. The basic directions have been developed for the improvement of the working conditions in the Tbilisi underground.

11. Davarashvili Kh.

TO THE PROBLEM OF DEMYELINATION IN PULPITIS

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.48-50

Department of Biology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kutaisi Dental Polyclinic №1, Georgia

We paid great attention to the peripheral nervous system when studying pulpitis. The connection between demyelination and the cytopathogenic effect proves that this disease is of viral etiology.

 12. FARAJEVA N.

CORRECTION OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL FRUSTRATION IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DURING HALOTHERAPY

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.50-53

A. Aliyev Azerbaijan State Institute of Advanced Medical Studies,

Therapy Department, Baku

The research objective was to define the antidepressant effect of halotherapy (HT) in the complex treatment of bronchial asthma. 73 patients with heavy persisting infectious-dependent bronchial asthma (IDBA) have been examined and treated. The basic group patients received also HТ in combination with drug therapy (DT). The patients receiving only DT comprised the control group. The results of the research carried out showed that only 42.2 % of the patients receiving only DT recovered from psychoemotional frustration by the end of a 25-day course of treatment, whereas a complex treatment including HТ completely corrected the condition of 90.9 % of the patients in 12 days of treatment.

13. LOBZHANIDZE N., LOBZHANIDZE T., KHVITIA N., DANELIA G.

COLLAGEN IN PERIODONTITIS

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.53-57

TSMU Department of Biology, Kutaisi Regional Dental Center, Georgia

Light and electron microscopy was used to study collagen in the diseased periodontium. The collagen fibres appear to be structurally changed during periodontitis: the fibroblasts are greatly changed, euchromatin is strongly expressed, and the cytopathogenic effect is clearly visible.

14. Lobzhanidze N., Khvitia N., Lobzhanidze T., Danelia G.

ENDOTHELIUM IN PERIODONTITIS

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.58-60

TSMU Department of Biology, Kutaisi Regional Dental Center, Georgia

The endothelium has been studied by light and electron microscopy in the diseased periodontium. The endothelial cell contacts appear to be damaged, and the erythrocytes penetrated through the damaged contacts. Growing collagen fibres replaced the existing tissue.

15. Khvitia N., Lobzhanidze N., LOBZHANIDZE T.

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOTHELIOCYTES IN PRACTICALLY

HEALTHY PEOPLE

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.63-64

TSMU Department of Biology, Kutaisi Regional Dental Center, Georgia

The endothelium of healthy people has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The endothelial structure can be described as endocrine tissue.

16. Melikadze E., Kvachadze T., Korkia I.

Alterations of gonadal axis and concentraTion OF sexual steroids in the phenol-intoXicaTED male ORGANISM

J. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2010, 2, pp.64-66

Al. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia

It is known that the male reproduction system is too sensitive to the impact of environmental conditions. One of such endocrine deregulators is phenol. An experiment was held on 60 adult male albino rats (body mass 200-250g). Each animal experienced phenol intoxication daily during 15 days in a special closed cabin. On the 60th day the animals were decapitated, and afterward in the blood serum was defined the alternation of the concentration of the gonadotropic hormones LH, FSH and sexual steroids - testosterone, estrone, estradiol - by means of the immunoenzymatic method. Significant alternations in the hormones concentration were revealed during the experiment: it was revealed that LH did not stimulate testosterone secretion; conversely, it decreased, while the estrogen concentration increased. The mentioned data enable us to conclude that the impact of phenol vapor caused disorders in the male reproduction function.